Titanium Dioxide
Also listed as E171 and TiO2.
This is what the ingredient is.
Titanium dioxide is a white mineral compound used as whitening agent and colorant. Bright white pigment with high opacity.
Here is why it shows up on the label.
White colorant and opacifier in candies, frosting, coffee creamers, and chewing gum. Provides bright white color.
Here is what food agencies say.
The FDA has approved it as color additive (21 CFR 73.575) with limit of 1% by weight. EU banned in food as of 2022 due to safety concerns. Approved in US, banned in EU, varying status in other countries.
Here is what research has found.
EFSA (2021) concluded could not rule out genotoxicity concerns. Some nanoparticle forms may be absorbed. France banned in 2020, EU followed in 2022. IARC classifies as possibly carcinogenic when inhaled (occupational exposure). Food safety under review.
Here are a few things worth knowing.
EU ban due to inability to rule out genotoxicity concerns. Some research suggests nanoparticles may affect gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation in animal models. Still approved in US and many countries. Regulatory status evolving.
Sources
- FDA 21 CFR 73.575
- EFSA Opinion 2021
- EU Regulation 2022/63
How to read this page
We publish plain facts about this ingredient so a label is easier to read. This is not medical advice, and it is not a recommendation to buy, avoid, or use anything. For a personal health question, talk with a clinician who knows your history.